Herculaneum & Vesuvius | A match (not) made in heaven

Herculaneum, an ancient Roman town nestled on the Bay of Naples, thrived as a bustling settlement during the height of the Roman Empire. The town's strategic location facilitated trade and cultural exchange, contributing to its wealth and cultural diversity.

Towering ominously on the horizon, the Vesuvius is one of the most active volcanoes in Europe, situated in close proximity to Herculaneum. Its historic eruption in 79 AD not only obliterated Herculaneum but also devastated Pompeii and several other nearby settlements.

The volcano spewed a massive column of ash, pumice, and volcanic gases into the atmosphere, blanketing the towns in a thick layer of debris. The intense heat and pyroclastic surges — a series of superheated clouds of ash and gas that reach incredibly high temperatures, exceeding 500°C (932°F) — engulfed Herculaneum, preserving the town in a state of eerie suspended animation. Here’s what you need to know about that tragic day, and how an ashy chokehold on the town reduced the hapless citizens to skeletal remains.

The cost of ignorance

Two millennia ago, the people living at the foothills of Mount Vesuvius did not know that they were living in the dangerous shadow of an unpredictable volcano. While they were aware that the mountain frequently fumed and showed evidence of fire, they believed that the volcano was a gateway to the underworld, or the forge of Vulcan, god of the blacksmiths. In fact, the earthquake of 62 AD (that destroyed several structures in Herculaneum including its theater) was a harbinger of the 79 AD eruption. The Bay of Naples is the most unsteady volcanic region in the Mediterranean, but 2000 years ago, knowledge of volcanology was non-existent. People were more likely to attribute seismic activity to the wrath of gods.

While the volcano is still considered active, millions of people continue to live in this region, largely due to the fertility of volcanic soil. Acres of vines, tomatoes and other crops dot the landscape, and residents of the present day are willing to live under constant risk. Let’s take a closer look at the feared yet famed Mount Vesuvius.

Is it safe to visit Mount Vesuvius?

Italian authorities have a well-established plan for monitoring volcanic activity and issuing warnings in case of an eruption. With proper precautions and adherence to safety guidelines, visiting Mount Vesuvius can be a safe and rewarding experience.

Access to the crater rim is often restricted based on volcanic activity levels. Marked trails are designated for ascending the volcano, and visitors must stay on these designated paths. However, before your visit, check the latest information on Vesuvius' activity level and any access restrictions.